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Successful launch of Orion
Yesterday there was a boat too close, then winds were too high, then a fuel valve wouldn’t cycle properly. This morning, the countdown went smoothly.
I realized that while I know the rhythm of the Shuttle launches – the max Q, the booster separation, eight minutes to main engine cutoff – I don’t know squat about a Delta 4 Heavy launch. That was impressive.
Splashdown around 11:30 AM Eastern time off Baja California. -
New camo means new boots, belt and T-shirt
The camouflage pattern will not stand alone among coming changes to the Army Combat Uniform. Joining the camo: a new belt, undershirt and boots.
The new personal gear, expected to roll out this summer, is darker to better match the new Operational Camouflage Pattern. Current lighter colors of the maligned gray Universal Camouflage Pattern would provide stark contrast to the new pattern.
Perhaps most visible: the default Desert Tan boots of today will give way to Coyote Brown 498. The darker color will blend better in a wider variety of environments, according to Program Executive Office Soldier. Coyote brown also does not show dirt or wear as easily as today’s tan boots.
via New camo means new boots, belt and T-shirt.
The changeover to a new uniform doesn’t happen instantaneously. It takes a while. Eventually the Army will publish a “wear out” date beyond which the older style uniform components will not be authorized.
Until then, we can expect to see various Sergeants Major having conniption fits about soldiers wearing light colored boots with the new, darker uniforms, and other such shenanigans.
The actual cost for changing the uniforms isn’t so much (for the government, at least) but the fact that virtually all Organizational Clothing and Individual Equipment will have to be replaced with new pattern gear will be expensive.
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Early Anti-Aircraft Artillery
Even by the middle of the First World War, the threat military aircraft posed to ground forces was recognized, and adaptations of existing artillery pieces were made to fulfill the anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) role. This Signal Corps film, produced in 1935, shows the status of US Army AAA in the interwar years.
The level of sophistication in control is impressive. Predictive director control for guns ranging from 3” down to the multiple .30cal mount. Acoustic locators used to control searchlights. Of course, during World War II, radar would replace the acoustic locator. But it is important to recognize that the basic architecture behind the organization was already well thought out.
Speaking of acoustic locators, as a long range sensor, Britain built several arrays of very large “sound mirrors” for long range detection to protect the home isles from air raids in the years immediately after World War I. Their remains can still be seen in the southeast.

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MERs and TERs.
This is the AD-6 Skyraider.

You’ll notice in addition to four 20mm cannon, it has three large weapon stations, and twelve smaller ones along the wing and under the centerline.
That meant it could carry quite a few weapons. The AD-6 was used by the Navy primarily as a medium attack platform. The other prime operator of the Skyraider in the 1950s, the US Marine Corps, used it primarily as a Close Air Support (CAS) platform. The large number of weapon stations helped it excel at the mission.
But by the late 1950s, the AD series was clearly becoming obsolete, and the the replacement for the Skyraider, the light attack A4D-2/2N (later, A-4B/C Skyhawk) was entering service to replace it in both US Navy and Marine Corps service. As an aside, while designing the Skyhawk, Ed Heineman also designed a new series of conventional bombs to go with it.
The Skyhawk is rightly revered as one of the best light attack aircraft ever designed. Indeed, it’s still in frontline service in Argentina! But in its earliest incarnation, a bright young Marine test pilot realized it wasn’t much of a CAS platform. It flew well, and could bomb accurately. It just didn’t carry much.

The A4D-2 and A4D-2N only had three weapon stations. That meant a total of, at most, three bombs. For the Navy, that wasn’t a huge issue. They envisioned using the Skyhawk in the nuclear strike role. Two drop tanks, as seen above, and a nuclear weapon on the centerline station was just what they had asked for.
But our bright young Marine test pilot, correctly guessing that future wars were more likely to resemble the recently concluded Korean War than Armageddon, sought a way to improve the Skyhawk as a conventional bomber. And the answer was, why not hang more than one bomb on a station? A simple steel rack and cabling harness would be the interface between one pylon, and six bombs.
Captain Fitch set about designing just such a Multiple Carriage Bomb Rack.
The Aero 20 pylon on each A4D-2 wing and the Aero 7 centerline pylon were part of the basic aircraft and were installed at the factory. The MCBR for the A4D-2 would simply attach to each of those pylons. The wiring system for the MCBR would be set up so that if the need arose during an emergency, you could jettison the MCBR with its bombs attached. That jettison would be accomplished by firing the secondary cartridge within either the Aero 7A or Area 20. With the MCBR attached to a pylon, the primary cartridge within the Aero 7 or Aero 20 would never be hooked up. Talking with the VX-5 avionics officer, he said that the wiring system for the MCBR could be done by VX-5 avionics with a simple wiring harness to be installed in the MCBR. . I had told him that the MC BR on the Aero 7A pylon would have six (6) HE or inert bombs attached to it. While at first I thought that there could be six (6) HE or inert bombs on each A4D-2 wing station MCBR, interference of the wheel well door would dictate that there would be only five (5) bombs for the wing MCBR.. All bombs on the MCBR would be suspended independent of the other bombs on the MCBR, using the Aero-15 racks from a crashed AD Skyraider.
Fitch even received the patent for his design.
Eventually, Fitch’s rather crude design would be improved, and produced as the Multiple Ejector Rack, or MER, capable of carrying six Mk82 500lb bombs. A similar Triple Ejector Rack could carry three Mk83 1000lb bomb, or three Mk82s.
By using MERs, and A4D-2 suddenly went from carry three bombs to as many as 16.* And it wasn’t just the Skyhawk that benefited. Virtually every tactical aircraft in the Navy, and soon the Air Force, would be carrying bombs in multiples of three or six.

Instead of just five bombs…
The widespread use of precision guided munitions has actually lead to the near demise of the MER. Whereas before a strike plane might carry a load of, say, a dozen Mk82 bombs, today that same strike plane might only carry two or four JDAM bombs, mated directly to the parent pylon.
But Fitch’s story of innovation and the support he received to develop a low cost solution to a problem the service didn’t even really know it had, should serve as a lesson to today’s leadership of how to empower junior officers.
*Because of weapons clearance issues with the gear doors, the MERs on the wing stations could only carry five weapons apiece.
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Efforts underway to improve Pentagon’s procurement system – The Washington Post
One of the first casualties was the Crusader artillery program, which was canceled after the Pentagon spent more than $2 billion on it. Then there was the Comanche helicopter debacle, which got the ax after $8 billion. More than twice that amount had been sunk into the Army’s Future Combat System, but that program got killed, too.
In all, between 2001 and 2011 the Defense Department spent $46 billion on at least a dozen programs — including a new version of the president’s helicopter — that never became operational, according to an analysis by the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.
via Efforts underway to improve Pentagon’s procurement system – The Washington Post.
Sometimes, the engineering complexity of a procurement program means that it will take a long time to come to fruition. And in that time, the needs of the service may change.
Of course, some programs start out overly ambitious, and are doomed to failure. That Army in particular seems fond of this approach. The RAH-66 Comanche started out as one of three variants of a program known as LHX, a program started in the early 1980s, to replace all the UH-1, AH-1, OH-6 and OH-58 helicopters. The Army spend over six years just trying to figure out what it wanted, before even getting around to issuing an RFP to industry. And because stealth was the buzzword at the time, the Army insisted it needed a stealth helicopter. Now, you can build a stealthy helicopter. But that adds a lot to the cost. Or, you could simply do what helicopters normally do, and fly nap of the earth, and use terrain masking to stay off enemy radar. It’s cheaper. And its what a stealth helicopter would do anyway.
But for all the stupidity the services bring to the procurement table, they’re not solely to blame. The Federal Acquisition Regulations, or FAR are some of the most complex, byzantine rules in existence. So much money is spent ensuring that procurement is “fair” and free of corruption that the process becomes more important than the product.
This strangulation by regulation has led down some strange paths. When the Air Force started to look to replace its aging KC-135 fleet, it knew exactly what it wanted. It wanted a simple tanker conversion of the Boeing 767. But the Air Force couldn’t just order tankers, or just ask Congress for the money. In an effort to sidestep having to issue an RFP and hold a competition, the Air Force came up with a convoluted plan to lease 100 converted tankers from Boeing. The plan blew up in the Air Forces face, exposed corruption in the civil service, would have cost the taxpayers more money, and left Boeing holding onto the tankers at the end of the lease. On the other hand, it would have put very capable tankers on the ramp very quickly, and a low cost sale to the Air Force of the used tankers at the end of the lease was pretty plausible.
Instead, the Air Force was forced to hold multiple competitions between Boeing and Airbus, and do so in such a way the whichever tanker it eventually bought (the 767 eventually won) would end up being more complicated and expensive than the simple plane they originally envisioned. So here we are a decade and a half later, and the first fully equipped KC-46 still hasn’t flown. It’s still four years away from entering operational service.
Anything that make the acquisition process more streamlined is a good thing. Let’s hope DoD and Congress can move forward with some real reforms.
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Navy Blue Angel Slides Off Runway | NECN
A jet from the Navy’s elite Blue Angels flight demonstration team has skidded off a runway in Maine. No injuries are reported.
An official at the former base where the fighter was landing to promote an air show says the F/A-18 Hornet slid off the end of the runway after hitting ice Thursday morning. The jet spun and ended up off the pavement.
via Navy Blue Angel Slides Off Runway | NECN.
No injuries, and probably not too much damage. There’s video at the link.
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Navy: Women secretly filmed in shower aboard sub
Some of the first female sailors to serve on Navy submarines were secretly recorded while they undressed.
The women were recorded aboard the ballistic missile submarine Wyoming, Gold crew, which is home ported in Kings Bay, Georgia. Navy officials are investigating an unidentified 24-year-old male who is accused of making and distributing the videos, according to a Nov. 14 incident report circulated among the service’s most senior leaders. The sailor was identified only by his rank: second class petty officer.
The videos are believed to show at least three female officers while showering or undressed that were recorded over more than a year, according to a source who has spoken to one of the alleged victims.
via Navy: Women secretly filmed in shower aboard sub.
The incredibly stupid actions of one sailor, a freakin’ petty officer who should know better, are going to cause major pain throughout the submarine community.
The thing that really frustrates me about the women in subs issue is that it is always about what the service can do for women. It is never shown, by any sort of metric beyond “diversity” that adding women to a boats crew will improve the performance or combat readiness.
Here’s another little gem from the article, from a female Lieutenant who served on one of the first integrated crews:
“The only reason I was there was to stop the submariners from being a–holes, and to get the women to stop crying,” she recalled. “I felt like it was fine, but I felt like I was in control of the situation.”
Note, she’s not talking about a 19 year old E-2. She’s talking about commissioned officers crying. As for submariners being a–holes, new, non-qualified sailors are worked to the bone until they earn their coveted dolphins, the qualification badge. Until then, they’re mere apprentices, not journeymen actually adding value to the crew. And the boorish behavior toward them helps weed out those who don’t have the commitment and temperament to be successful.
To be sure, if the petty officer did in fact videotape the women, that’s both reprehensible, and criminal. And he deserves to get nuked for it. But its a dead certainty that senior leadership will find this a larger narrative, and learn all the wrong lessons, and manage to increase the pain for everyone.
The beatings will continue until morale improves.
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EFT-1 Orion preparing for historic launch atop of Delta IV-H | NASASpaceFlight.com
The unmanned Exploration Flight Test 1 mission, the maiden flight of NASA’s Orion spacecraft, is due to lift off atop a Delta IV rocket from Cape Canaveral during a two-hour, 39-minute window which opens at 12:05 UTC 07:05 local time. [7:05 AM Eastern]
Thursday’s mission will see Orion make two orbits of the planet during a four and a half hour mission that will end with the spacecraft’s recovery in the Pacific Ocean. Reaching a maximum altitude of 5,790 kilometres [3,600 miles] the mission will test separation mechanisms, demonstrate Orion’s Crew Module in orbit and prove that the spacecraft can withstand atmospheric reentry and be recovered successfully.
via EFT-1 Orion preparing for historic launch atop of Delta IV-H | NASASpaceFlight.com.
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv will cover the launch, orbits, and re-entry. Should be a good test of the heatshield during re-entry. For comparison, the International Space Station flies at an altitude of around 250 miles.
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Russian military on alert in Moscow, Grozny amid new crisis
Update: Boy, did I screw up trusting the media. As a twitter reader pointed out, Grozny is in Chechnya.
Meanwhile, there are unconfirmed reports Moscow has closed its airspace to all civilian traffic.
Reports on Twitter state there are fighter jets overhead as military helicopters cris-cross the city.
Russian media state President Vladmir Putin rushed to the Kremlin at 1.15am local time in response to reports of the outbreak of violence.
via Russian military on alert in Moscow, Grozny amid new Crimea crisis | The Courier-Mail.
There’s reports Moscow airspace is closed, with fighters and helicopters overhead. This at the same time as fighting in Grozny would indicate that Russia at least suspects some militants are in Moscow.
Interesting times.
H/T to Spill.
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S-Tank Weapons Trials
That’s S-Tank, not “stank.”
The Swedish Stridsvagn 103 was a very unique design. When you think of the classic tank, you think of an armored hull on tracks, and a turret mounting the main gun.
The S103 instead dispensed with the turret, and fixed an auto-loading 105mm main gun to the hull. The gun was aimed by the driver/gunner by pivoting the tracks, and elevated or depressed via the hydraulic suspension system. This provided a relatively low profile vehicle. The drawback was that it could not fire accurately on the move, but since the Swedes saw its use as primarily defensive, that was not a terrible shortcoming to them.


While the design stressed avoiding being hit, attention was also paid to mitigating the effects of the vehicle being hit. And did they ever shoot the heck out of some prototypes to test it.
Be sure to hit the “cc” button for closed captions.
The S103 was developed in the early 1960s and entered into service in the late 1960s, with production ending in 1971 after 290 had been delivered.
Not content merely to have one weird major design feature, the S103 also had a very unique powerplant. A base diesel powerplant was used for slow movement and for aiming the gun. For higher speed operations, a gas turbine was also installed to boost power.
Retired in 1997, the S103 was replaced by a modified German built Leopard 2A5 known as the S122.
