On Strategy

Hey, if I have to spend 10 minutes writing an email to a friend about strategy (and 10 minutes reading about it!), I’m not going to let that go to waste. In reply to a friend’s email on the subject of Clausewitz and strategy, I had this to say:   As to the Center of…

Hey, if I have to spend 10 minutes writing an email to a friend about strategy (and 10 minutes reading about it!), I’m not going to let that go to waste. In reply to a friend’s email on the subject of Clausewitz and strategy, I had this to say:

 

As to the Center of Gravity, I’m reminded of the Transportation Plan argument of early 1944. The Army Air Force was thinking strategically, and clearly the most remunerative target for bombardment was oil production. Oil production was the center of gravity as far as they were concerned. No oil, no fighting.  But the problem was, they were thinking strategically in isolation. That is, what is the most remunerative target for bombers?

The real strategic thinkers understood that strategically, the Allied forces had to land in northern Europe and come to grips with the Wehrmacht and destroy it.

And the only way to do that was to land in Normandy. And to successfully secure a beachhead that would support such an offensive meant that enemy logistics had to be sufficiently disrupted that the Allies could build up their forces (on exterior lines of communication) than the Germans could on interior lines. And so the Transportation Plan won. And for over 60 years, the airpower guys have complained about attacking tactical (really, operational) level targets. But attacking tactical or operational targets to ensure fulfillment of a strategic objective is, in the end, good strategy. Because, in the end, the Wehrmacht was truly the German center of gravity. No Wehrmacht, no fighting.

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Responses to “On Strategy”

  1. C-90

    Not to mention the ever changing decision on what to bomb that would be the best solution to strategic and tactical plans. Both in near time and future operations.
    And changes to bombing strategies. The British switched to night area bombing because:
    A. Safer for the crews. Fewer night battle capable German fighters
    B. Crew training. Between the navigators having limited expertise in long distance navigation, lack of nav-aids. Bomb aimers not being able to hit with a mile of target drop points.
    C. Weather and Intelligence briefings. Northern Europe has some of the worst weather during winter of the entire war zone.
    National Ego.
    The USAAF comes into the battle with the idea, that the British got the entire strategic bombing wrong, and we knew best.
    Massive formations flying at high altitude, with little fighter escort (not to mention changing strategy for fighter useage during escort missions) until the drop tanks and P-51B
    fielding. There were never enough P-38 groups for escort duties during the beginining phase of American daylight bombing.
    Changes to Strategic Bombing Goals:
    Ball Bearings
    Fighter production
    Oil Production and distribution
    Railway networks
    Power production and distribution
    Transportation infrastructure (canals, bridges, locks)
    Narrow vision of commanders:
    Both the British and American Bomber chiefs fought diversion of bombers to ocean patrol/anti u-boat.
    References:
    http://anesi.com/ussbs02.htm US Strategic Bombing Survey Summary European theatre
    http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/ US Strategic Bombing Survey Reports

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  2. Paul L. Quandt

    “…enemy logistics had to be sufficiently disrupted that the Allies could build up their forces (on exterior lines of communication) than the Germans could on interior lines.”
    Did y’all forget the word ‘faster’ in the above?
    Paul L. Quandt

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